Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an eye condition in dogs caused by inflammation of the conjunctiva – a mucous membrane lining the eyelids and the white part of the eye. While many assume it to be an eye infection, conjunctivitis can be caused by various factors affecting one or both eyes.

The most common cause of conjunctivitis in dogs

The most frequent cause of conjunctivitis in dogs is keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), also known as dry eye. Dogs with KCS don’t produce sufficient tears, which causes inflammation and, in some cases, corneal ulcers.

Anatomical causes of conjunctivitis in dogs

Some dogs have anatomical issues that make them more prone to conjunctivitis. For example, dogs with ectropion and droopy eyelids that roll outward can be more affected by environmental debris. On the other hand, entropion, where eyelids roll inward, causes constant irritation as the eyelashes rub against the cornea. Dogs with ectopic cilia, extra eyelashes that grow in the wrong place, and distichiasis, extra eyelashes that rub against the cornea, can also suffer from these conditions. These eyelid and eyelash disorders can affect one or both eyes.

Dogs with ample nasal folds can also develop conjunctivitis when their prominent skin folds repeatedly rub against and irritate their eyes. While a visit to the vet is recommended for diagnosis and treatment, some home remedies can help alleviate the symptoms of conjunctivitis in dogs.

Other causes of conjunctivitis in dogs

Conjunctivitis in dogs can be caused by factors other than dry eye. Dogs with allergies, infections, eye injuries, or certain facial anatomical features can also develop the condition. Seasonal or year-round red eyes in dogs with allergies may accompany chronic skin issues. Viral infections such as canine distemper, bacterial infections, fungi, and protozoan parasites can also lead to conjunctivitis. Eye injuries caused by foreign objects trapped under the third eyelid, such as grass awns or puncturing of the eyeball, can also be the underlying cause.

Symptoms of conjunctivitis in dogs

The symptoms of conjunctivitis in dogs depend on the severity of the inflammation and the underlying condition. Common clinical signs include red and swollen conjunctiva and sometimes eyelids, clear, cloudy, yellow or green discharge, excessive squinting, blinking, pawing or rubbing the eye on objects. If you notice any of these symptoms, seek veterinary attention immediately.

The canine conjunctivitis diagnosis process

To diagnose conjunctivitis in dogs, a thorough physical examination of the eye is conducted by a veterinarian. An anaesthetic eye drop may facilitate the process if the dog’s eye is too sore to allow a proper exam.

The veterinarian will evaluate the inner and outer structures of the eye, including the conjunctiva, nictitating membrane, eyelashes, and cornea. Special tests may also be performed, such as a fluorescein eye stain to detect corneal scratches or ulcers and a Schirmer tear test to assess tear production.

If a red eye or eyes are present, the veterinarian may also check the intraocular pressure to detect possible high pressure. Early diagnosis is vital to successful treatment, so it’s essential to contact a veterinarian if you notice any symptoms of conjunctivitis in your dog.

Treatments of conjunctivitis in dogs

It is essential to follow your veterinarian’s instructions carefully and complete the entire course of treatment as prescribed. Failure to properly treat the underlying cause of conjunctivitis can sometimes result in chronic or recurrent eye problems. Additionally, untreated conjunctivitis can cause discomfort and pain for your dog and, in severe cases, can even lead to vision loss. Regular follow-up visits with your veterinarian are essential to monitor your dog’s progress and adjust the treatment plan as needed. If you notice any new or worsening symptoms, contact your veterinarian immediately.

How serious is an eye infection or conjunctivitis in dogs?

You must seek veterinary care as soon as possible if you suspect your dog has an eye infection or conjunctivitis. Delaying treatment can lead to more severe complications, such as corneal ulcers or blindness. It’s also important to remember that home remedies without proper diagnosis and guidance from a veterinarian can potentially worsen the condition and harm your dog’s eyes. So, it’s always best to consult a veterinarian and follow their recommended treatment plan.

How long does it take an eye infection or conjunctivitis to go away?

In addition to the measures mentioned above, you can take some general steps to reduce the risk of conjunctivitis in dogs. Regular veterinary check-ups can help catch underlying issues before they become serious. Keep your dog’s eyes clean and debris-free by wiping them with a damp cloth. If your dog is a breed with hair around the eyes, consider trimming or pulling the hair away to prevent irritation. Avoid using harsh chemicals or cleaning agents around your dog’s eyes. Finally, be cautious when introducing your dog to other dogs or animals, as close contact can spread infections.

The bottom line

That’s correct. It’s essential to seek veterinary care if your pet shows signs of conjunctivitis or any eye issue, as delaying treatment could result in more severe complications. The veterinarian can determine the underlying cause of the problem and prescribe appropriate treatment, which may include medication, surgery, or ongoing management. Additionally, regular check-ups with a veterinarian can help detect potential eye issues early on and prevent them from becoming more serious.